Journal: Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
Article Title: Glutamate enhances the production of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-11, as well as chemokines CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL8 in keloid fibroblasts
doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2025.1720876
Figure Lengend Snippet: Glutamate promotes inflammatory responses in keloid fibroblasts. (A–C) Volcano plot show DEGs that associated to cytokine activity pathway (A) , extracellular space pathway (B) , and inflammatory response pathway (C) in HKF cells upon 100 μM glutamate stimulate for 24 h. (D–F) Volcano plot and heatmap show DEGs that associated to TNF signaling pathway (D) , IL-17 signaling pathway (E) , and calcium signaling pathway (F) in HKF cells upon 100 μM glutamate stimulate for 24 h. (G) FPKM of inflammatory genes (CXCL8, CXCL3, CXCL2, IL11, IL6) of RNA-seq in keloid and normal tissues in HKF cells upon 100 μM glutamate stimulate for 24 h. (H) RT-PCR of inflammatory genes in HKF cells upon 10 μM or 100 μM glutamate stimulate for 24 h. (I) ELISA of IL-6 andIL-11 in HKF cells upon 10 μM or 100 μM glutamate stimulate for 24 h p-values were determined by one-way ANOVA: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
Article Snippet: The HKF (Human keloid fibroblasts) cell line obtained from American Type Culture Collection (CRL-1762, Manassas, VA, United States), and were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, United States) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Life Technologies) at 37 °C in a 5% humidified CO 2 incubator.
Techniques: Activity Assay, RNA Sequencing, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay